Monasticism is one of the most fundamental institutions of Buddhism. Monks and nuns are responsible for preserving and spreading Buddhist teachings, as well as educating and guiding Buddhist followers. Buddhist monasteries emerged from the practice of vassa, the retreat undertaken by Buddhist monks and nuns during the South Asian rainy season. These monasteries gradually developed into centers of learning where philosophical principles were developed and debated. - See more at: http://dhammainfo.com/en/history-tradition/1281#sthash.dMjozLWZ.dpuf

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